There is something magical about a cascade waterfall spilling over a cliff. Whether it’s a huge waterfall or a gentle trickle, capturing the waterfall photography effect that you want is easy once you know a few simple tricks on how to photograph waterfalls.
The options range from a smooth flow that looks as though the water is blanketing whatever rocks it flows over to a freeze-frame that highlights individual water drops.
Above all, you need to understand both the camera settings for waterfalls based on the effect you want to achieve and the gear you have. Importantly, while having the right gear is helpful, anyone can take better waterfall photos with a few simple adjustments.
Regardless of your camera, you probably have more control than you realise.
How to photograph waterfalls that appear smooth flowing
If you want the effect of smooth water
you need to use a slower shutter speed.
Here are the basics if you have a DSLR, SLR, or another camera that can be set to manual. How to photograph waterfalls so the water appears as a smooth flow:
- Camera Mode: Manual
- Aperture: f14 to f18 (you want the maximum focus at the optimal aperture for your camera)
- ISO: Smallest available on your camera.
- Shutter speed if handheld: 1/30 or the slowest speed you can handle. Ideally, use a tripod and an ND filter and start out with a 2-3 second shot. Bracket and experiment with the light.
- Shutter speed if tripod and ND filter: 2-3 seconds. Bracket and experiment with the light.
- Either use a shutter release cable or set the camera to self-timer.
Waterfall photography shutter speed adjustments and their effect – regardless of your camera type
I have carried a tripod to capture one motion waterfall picture. The average person cannot hold a camera steady for longer than 1/30 second and will use a tripod starting at 1/20 seconds.
- If you have a DSLR or mirrorless camera and are comfortable shooting manual, use the camera settings for waterfalls listed above.
- If you typically keep your camera in automatic mode, you might want to set the camera to “S” for shutter priority. This will allow you to set the shutter speed while the camera makes the rest of the adjustments. If you are taking a handheld shot, try it first at 1/20 second. To help yourself stay steady, hold the camera with both hands, elbows down at your side, and gently hold your breath before you take the shot. If your image is in focus, try again at 1/15 seconds. Or, if your original shot is blurry, try again at 1/30 second.
- If you have a tripod, set your camera on shutter priority, and set the shutter no faster than 1/20 second. I usually start at 1/5 seconds or slower if I have an ND filter. If it is too bright, try a shorter time.
- If you have a point-and-shoot camera, this effect is a bit more difficult, as they are not designed for tripod shots. Your best option is the setting for the lowest light, either candlelight or night shooting. However, if this triggers your flash, you could try covering it up.
How to photograph waterfalls with water droplets
If you want to freeze the water droplets,
you need to use a faster shutter speed.
- Similar to the above, set your DSLR or mirrorless camera to “S” for shutter priority. Set your shutter speed to 1/100 to get started.
- If you have a point-and-shoot camera, you can trick your camera into a faster shutter speed by putting it in sports mode.
Our Photography Gear
Several years ago I switched from DSLR to mirrorless technology. The general advantages are lighter weight and smaller gear that sacrifices only the traditional "look" of a professional camera and the ability to blow up images to huge sizes. I have never looked back, and am thrilled with the quality I am able to produce. Below is my current gear, which also serves as my recommendations. My daughter shoots with a DSLR that is also included below.
Olympus OM-D E-M5 Digital Camera
This is it! I firmly believe that the OM-D E-M5 is the perfect travel camera. It's compact, lightweight and weather-sealed, so rain doesn't stop me. While the autofocus is lightning quick, the manual override allows me to obtain a different effect. Output options are RAW, jpeg, or full HD video.
With a 12-40mm lens, advanced image stabilization, speed up to 1/8000 sec, and ISO to 25600, I can shoot in just about any condition and can create impressive low light shots without a tripod. It is now my primary go-anywhere camera, complete with built-in wifi.
The button below lets you purchase directly from Olympus, however, they only ship to the USA and Canada. The Olympus OM-D E-M5 with a 12-45mm lens is also available at Amazon (click here for details).
OLYMPUS Tough TG-6 waterproof camera
The Olympus Tough TG-6 is a compact point and shoot that is waterproof, shockproof, crushproof, freezeproof, dustproof, and it fits in my pocket. This tough little camera designed for adventure produces high-resolution RAW stills (or jpeg) or HD 4K video.
It's a camera for everyone. Automatic settings allow anyone to capture great shots or, use one of the special presets for people, motion, indoors, nightscapes, scenery, underwater, or close up. For the more advanced photographer, there is an aperture priority mode with the ability to override the default exposure levels.
I use mine for underwater shots, beach days, and anytime I want a pocket-sized camera with fabulous output, either for convenience or safety.
Canon EOS 90D Digital SLR Camera Body with 18-55mm Lens Bundle
If I were ever to switch back to DSLR, the Canon 90D is the camera I would want. In fact, I spent hours debating between the two before I decided on the lighter weight option above. Its predecessor, the 70D, is the camera currently used by my photographer daughter.
With ISO from 100 - 25,600, it shoots in nearly all conditions, providing RAW, jpeg, and 4K 30p / FHD 120p video output.
Tenba DNA Messenger Bag
I looked around for a while before discovering the perfect camera bag for my mirrorless camera. Weatherproof, easy to open, secure, and attractive, it has compartments for my camera gear, accessories, business cards, and personal items. It even has a secret spot for a Kindle or iPad mini.
While my bag is no longer available, Tenba has a good selection of high-quality camera bags you can choose from.
Sirui SUET1204 Carbon Fiber Tripod
I have one model down from this one, but the reduced weight of carbon fibre would have been a better choice. The tripod is quick to set up, has a ball mounted head, and upward folding legs, which make it more compact for carrying.
I found it to be the perfect trade-off between super lightweight and steady enough for long exposures like waterfalls.
Fader Variable Neutral Density Adjustable Filter + Lens Cleaning Cloth
This is the secret to deep rich colour and smooth flowing water. As it requires a longer exposure, a tripod is needed. It's available in a variety of sizes.
More tips on how to photograph waterfalls
- Think about the foreground and background when composing your shot. Also, if you don’t have filters with you, choose a spot offering more light.
- The rainy season means better-flowing waterfalls. Take a look at these four New Zealand falls shot in both summer and winter.
More examples of how to photograph waterfalls
Take a look at a few amazing waterfalls. See if you can spot which were handheld and which are long exposure waterfall shots, then check out the specs below each image.
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Lisa Maria
Thanks for your nice post. They are great information and tips share for waterfalls. Really this article is very helpful for us Please keep it your writing.
balayi villasi
it can be very fantastic to live near the waterfall. You can awake by its sound.Living in nature is perfect. Thanks for sharing such nice article. Also your shots are awesome.
Mandy
Beautiful waterfall shots! Guess I need to go out and try some of your tips! 🙂 Thanks Rhonda!
Rhonda Albom
Let me know how it goes.
Rhonda Albom
Glad you enjoyed the tutorial.
Michele {Malaysian Meanders}
I was trying to pick out my favorite waterfall photo but gave up because I like so many of them. I personally prefer the smooth water look but cannot seem to attain it with my point-and-shoot. There are manual settings that I could fiddle with, but I’m still unsure of what all the settings mean. This posts is actually quite helpful in that regard as now I have some sort of clue where to start. #WkendTravelInspiration
Rhonda Albom
All the settings on the point and shoot are preset to do what the DSLR or mirrorless cameras do.
Rob+Ann
First off, your photos are so great! Love the settings and all the natural beauty. This post would be fantastic just with that. Tips are like frosting on the cake!
Rhonda Albom
I hope you can get something from the tips.
Jessi
Gorgeous shots! I love the effect of smooth water on a waterfall
Rhonda Albom
That’s my favourite way to shoot the waterfall.
Paul F. Pietrangelo
What happened to my comment about the waterfalls. I know I put one in and it was a good one. Oh well, have a great day Rhonda.
Cruisin Paul
Bryna | Dotted Line Travels
Great tips! Waterfalls are always such a treat to photograph. I love getting the smoother, almost mystical feel of the waterfall shots with the slower shutter speed! I never travel with a tripod though, so sometimes making sure I keep my hands still is a bit of a challenge!
Rhonda Albom
Try holding the camera with two hands, keeping your elbows pointing down, arms close to your sides and hold your breath.
Paul F. Pietrangelo
I’m with you Rhonda. I love waterfalls, large ones, small ones fast ones and slow ones. I wished I lived near a waterfall so that I could see and hear the sound of the waterfall with the water falling down. I live in Essex County and the area has flat, very flat ground. The only thing Amherstburg has history, this area was involved with the war of 1812 and we have the Detroit River. Michigan is right across from where I live. I guess that’s OK.
See ya Rhonda.
Cruisin Paul
Rhonda Albom
We live near a waterfall, but it’s not exciting enough to make this page. Everyone lives near something interesting. I live in a country that has no European history as old as 1812.
Marcelle
I tested various settings but my biggest obstacle to take better photographs is that I’m often too lazy to take the tripod with. If it’s not that, the light is not right, too bright to smooth the water with a long aperture. I like your smooth waterfall with the bridge and the people on it, because it shows the dimensions.
Rhonda Albom
That waterfall is now hanging on my wall, it’s my favourite as well. As for light, have you tried bracketing your photos? That would be shooting the shot, then with a lower and higher exposure.
Priya Vin
Love photographing waterfalls, we actually plan trips so we can stop to see and photograph them. You have been to quite a lot of them.
Rhonda Albom
Like you, I love photographing waterfalls and we seek them out too.
David
Great tips (and photos of course) Rhonda, particularly like how you’ve shown the same waterfall with two different shutter speeds. I love getting the smooth water look but currently don’t have a tripod or ND filters (on my shopping list). Only if I can find a flat surface can I get away with the slower shutter speed. Think I should head down to erskine falls when I’m back in Melbourne, they’re just stunning
Rhonda Albom
Try out my tips, with a bit of practice you can take photos like this too.
knycx.journeying
Beautiful pictures and lovely information, thanks a lot for sharing with us and I would love to visit New Zealand anytime soon! @ knycx.journeying
Rhonda Albom
I hope you get here, New Zealand is beautiful. There are lovely waterfalls all around the world.
Ruth | Tanama Tales
I need to get a tripod. I have been playing with the shutter speed but cannot hold the camera still. So, I end up with a blurred background (or have to take many photos to see if I get one in focus). Love all your waterfall photos. I need to go and chase more waterfalls.
Rhonda Albom
Try holding your breath before you take the shot, but if you are going slower than about 1/13 very few people can hold a camera steady.
Tami
This is a huge help as I am just now finally learning how to use the manual settings on my point and shoot. Thanks!
Amit Sengupta
These are really useful tips – mostly for these kind of tips, i used to follow youtube; but here i think you have quite smartly given the illustrations and demonstrations.
Jim ~ ReflectionsEnroute
Great tips and great photos as usual! #wkendtravelinspiration
Lucy
Beautiful photos! I love waterfalls too. Great camera tips, I have pinned your future reference.
Jen Joslin
Rhonda, this is so helpful, thank you! Pinned this post to reference the next time we travel to waterfalls. Can’t wait to play with the shutter speeds and see the different effects! Now to buy a tripod…
Rhonda Albom
You could start with slower speeds and faster speeds in hand held. You will see a difference, but you won’t see the flowing waterfall.
Kathleen
Oh my god, your photos are FAB! I love waterfalls also – I find them so calming. Great tips!
Niels Thomas
This is exactly what I was looking for last week as I would be seeing some waterfalls soon and I regret a bit that I did not get amazing shots like this in Norway.
Thank you very much for the great tips. Bookmarked for sure! 🙂
Rhonda Albom
Sorry I am a week late.
Susan R
I’m impressed with how many waterfalls you have visited. This is a really helpful guide to anyone looking to photograph them. I love the soft water effect, looks like time is standing still.
Rhonda Albom
I love waterfalls, and I seek them out when I travel. I also like the softer water.
Amy Franks
I need to take my tripod out alot more when we go on major road trips, think I’ll be able to experiment with my camera more then.
Rhonda Albom
Especially in New Zealand, there are waterfalls everywhere.
Michelle | michwanderlust
Thanks for these great tips, Rhonda! I love the surreal and magical effect of smooth water that you get using long exposure, but I like to travel light (hence no tripod), so I guess I’ll just admire others’ smooth waterfall photos like yours!
Amy @ Ms. Toody Goo Shoes
Thank you for the waterfall tips. I’m headed to Iceland in the fall, so this will come in handy. Going to sign up for your ebook now!
Rhonda Albom
Yes, Iceland will be the perfect place to get some stunning waterfall images.
Pat
Thanks for the waterfall photography tips, Rhonda. I pinned them and I’m downloading your other photography tips/ There is always something to learn! I usually photograph waterfalls as rushing water as I rarely carry a tripod. I know I should, but my photos are mainly taken “on the run.”
Rhonda Albom
As you can see, most of my photos are also with out a tripod, as I just don’t carry it too often.
Sara Broers
Thanks for these tips. Just last week I was trying to figure out how to capture a photo of a waterfall with a specific look. I wish I would have these tips in hand. I love a good waterfall and it’s obvious that you do, as well.
Danik
I love taking photos of waterfalls and they are awesome wonders to look at. It was a bit hard at first to get that first best capture but after practise, I am getting there. Great tips here.
Rhonda Albom
I would love to see some of your shots.
Anda
Excellent post, Rhonda. Long exposure, short exposure, neither method is right or wrong like you say. It all depends on what you want your picture to suggest. If you want to show the power of the raging waters of a waterfall, you’ll do “freeze” (short exposure), if you want a calmer, smoother (almost surreal) image of a waterfall you’ll use the longer exposure. This reminds me of my first time photographing a beautiful waterfall in Kauai from a tripod. I wanted the water to be as smooth as possible and I was so concentrated on getting that right that I totally forgot I was standing on a slippery rock (thank goodness not too high up).
Rhonda Albom
That’s the beauty of any art like photography, what is best is all up to the artist and the view. Did you fall? and if so, I hope you didn’t get hurt.
J Harvey
Great tips! As a photographer, these all seem like common sense to me. But I’m sure they are not…in fact, I know they are not. A beginner photographer will find this article very helpful!
beatravelling
Going to Victoria Falls this fall, I should learn how to do this, but I don’t I have the patient or the skills 🙂
Rhonda Albom
Ah, waterfalls are easy because they are right there in front of you. You don’t need patience like you do when waiting on an animal shot.
Gabriela
Stunning pictures, I will try your advises new time I am close to a waterfall!
Rhonda Albom
I hope you get to a waterfall soon 🙂
Stefan
Shared with my friend too – he’s a photographer and I’m positive he’ll find the article interesting and usefull too. From my perspective, great pics 🙂
Kavey Favelle
Your photographs of waterfalls are really pretty. Great post to help those with less experience understand the choices for their camera settings, and how these translate to frozen motion or motion blur within the water. My personal preference is the slow shutter speed style but both have their place!
Rhonda Albom
My preference is also the slow shutter speed, but I don’t always have a tripod.
Lolo
We want to improve our waterfall taking skills…. but that would require actually seeing a waterfall for once haha It’s been a while! I guess we do too many city/town trips!
Rhonda Albom
LOL – you never know when you will turn a corner and there will be a beautiful waterfall cascading over the hill.
Laura Nalin
This is a really helpful post! I’m not a great photographer, and I’m certainly a newbie with things like moving water and night photography. Your photos are absolutely stunning!
Karen
Fabulous ! Love waterfalls 💕
Kathy Marris
These are fabulous tips. I love waterfalls and hopefully will now be able to capture them better. I have been to the top one – Harura Falls a few years ago.
Rhonda Albom
It’s probably the one we go to the most often on this page. There is a tiny waterfall in walking distance from our house, but even the best shot of it is not that flash.
Sandee
Your photography is amazing. Mine is not. I don’t have a crafty bone in my body and I’m okay with that.
Have a fabulous day. ☺
Mary (The World Is A Book)
These are great tips! We love waterfalls and what a great collection of beautiful photos. My husband usually does the waterfalls shots but this post gives hope for me. Thank you!
Rhonda Albom
LOL – there is hope for every photographer. Better photography is a learned skill, although some people, like my daughter, seem to have a naturally good eye for the shot.
shere
I love waterfalls!! You have a great collection of them. I have visited many of them and I would love to visit Iguazu.
Rhonda Albom
Iguazu is Sarah’s shot. I would love to visit there. If all goes well, we will be there late in the year.
jill
Thanks for the tip – I never knew to use sports mode on a point-and-shoot. I’ve used the burst mode at a concert to get the performer in action but I’m going to try sports for the waterfalls. Fantastic photos!
Rhonda Albom
I the settings on the point and shoot are given names for their most common uses, but they can all be used for different things once you understand what each does. Sports tries to freeze action, and that needs a fast shutter speed.
Alex J. Cavanaugh
Amazing the difference the shutter speed makes. Although that one shot, even with a fast shutter speed, has blurred water. Must’ve been flowing really fast.
Rhonda Albom
I think water is one of the best ways to demonstrate the difference shutter speed makes.
Lyn aka The Travelling Lindfields
Now I have to find a waterfall to try all this out on. I wish I had had this post before we went to Iguazu Falls.
Rhonda Albom
I am hoping to get to Iguazu in a few months. Sarah loved it.
Sartenada
Thank You for these tips. Oh, I saw that You have been not visited Finland. Why not meet freely roaming reindeers in the nature on some of our Arctic Hills, maybe participating in the reindeer ride contest, which is open for everybody, making midsummer Cruise on some of our lake, visiting the Arctic Circle, visiting Samba Carnivals or spending a night inside the world’s biggest snow castle. There are so much to see and experience that You cannot imagine.
Happy and safe travels.
Rhonda Albom
It’s true, we have not yet been to Finland. My mother has and loved it. Perhaps one day.
Beth Albertson
Great Tips! I have always wanted to take better waterfall photos. Thanks Rhonda.
Rhonda Albom
I hope these tips help.
Steven
Fab photos Rhonda I love fast moving falls.
Rhonda Albom
I like all waterfalls.
Freya
Stunning photos and great tips, thanks
Andrew
Bet these are all much more impressive in person than in photos.
Rhonda Albom
I think it is the sound of the rushing water that makes waterfalls increases how impressive waterfalls appear.
Julie Luek
Great tips and photos. What an adventure!